Resources

This document, compiled by the United States Department of Labour, presents a broad overview of child labour in Ghana. It provides details on children's work by activity and sector as well as legal frameworks, law enforcement, government policies and social programs addressing child labour.

This report, produced by the International Labour Organization, describes the scale and key characteristics of child labour throughout the world. While child labour has decreased globally since 2000, the rate of progress is insufficient to meet target 8.7 of the Sustainable Development Goals, child labour elimination by 2025. 152 million children remain in child labour and significant progress is needed in Africa, where child labour rates are the highest.

This report exploring the achievements, challenges and lessons from efforts to end child labour in cocoa was by Nestlé in October 2017, in partnership with the International Cocoa Initiative (ICI). Launched at the annual meeting of the ILO’s Child Labour Platform, the Tackling Child Labour 2017 report is a comprehensive account of one company’s actions to stamp out child labour in its cocoa supply chain.

This review, carried out by the International Initiative for Impact Evaluation (3ie), evaluates 43 quantitative studies and 136 qualitative studies on certification schemes designed to make agricultural production socially sustainable.

Recent declines in world cocoa prices are likely to place additional pressure on already financially-constrained smallholder cocoa farmers in West Africa if they result in sustained lower farm-gate prices paid to farmers. Several studies indicate that the majority of cocoa farmers live in extreme poverty, earning a per capita daily cocoa income of between $0.40-1.60. Any further lowering of farmer incomes as a result of declining cocoa prices could exacerbate the risk of child labour for a number of reasons.